How can paternity be established for a non-marital child?

Paternity for a non-marital child can be established through a judicial decree or by the father's acknowledgment of paternity. This process is essential in determining a child's rights in terms of support, inheritance, and access to parental benefits.

A judicial decree may arise from a paternity action initiated by the mother, father, or even the child, where the court can establish paternity based on evidence and the circumstances surrounding the case. This can include DNA testing, which is a reliable method for affirming biological relationships.

The father's acknowledgment involves a formal statement, often signed by both parents, recognizing the man as the child's father. This acknowledgment can typically take place through forms such as those available at hospitals upon the child's birth or through later documentation filed with the appropriate state office.

The other options do not adequately reflect the legal standards for establishing paternity. A midwife's declaration alone is insufficient as legal recognition requires more formal processes. The father's mere presence at the birth does not automatically confer paternity, as many men may be present at births without being the biological father. Relying solely on the mother's testimony does not fulfill the legal obligations and protections required to establish paternity officially and comprehensively. Thus, the most appropriate and legally sound means to establish